Prisoners’ gang-related activity: the importance of bullying and moral disengagement

Gang-related activity can have a significant impact on the effective management of prisons in the UK, yet little is known about the characteristics of the prisoners involved. I it this study, 141 adult male prisoners' gang-related activity was examined in relation to their bullying behaviour and use of moral disengagement. Results showed that prisoners most involved in gang-related activity were likely to have spent a longer total time in the prison system, be perpetrators of bullying and have high levels of moral disengagement. Findings also show that moral disengagement partially mediates the relationship between bullying and gang-related activity Implications for treatment programmes and the prison estate are discussed

Accounting for actions and omissions:a discourse analysis of student nurse accounts of responding to instances of poor care

Aims: To explore how nursing students account for decisions to report or not report poor care witnessed on placement and to examine the implications of findings for educators. Background: Concern has been raised about the extent to which cases of poor care go unreported. Failure to report cases may have serious consequences for patient safety. Design: Semi structured interviews were conducted with 13 under graduate students at a UK university during 2013. They were asked to consider their response to episodes of poor practice witnessed on placement. Methods: Data were transcribed verbatim and categorized according to whether or not students reported concerns. Cases were analysed in accordance with Potter and Wetherall’s version of discourse analysis to identify the discursive strategies used to account for decisions to report or not report poor practice. Results: Participants took care to present themselves in a positive light regardless of whether or not they had reported an episode of concern. Those who had reported tended to attribute their actions to internal factors such as moral strength and a commitment to a professional code. Those who had not or would not report concerns provided accounts which referred to external influences that prevented them from doing so or made reporting pointless. Conclusion: This study provides information about how students account for their actions and omissions in relation to the reporting of poor care. Findings suggest ways educators might increase reporting of concerns

On the Range and Application of Arched Plate Theory

This paper deals with the effects of symmetrical loading on thin shells of uniform thickness; cyclical loads are not included. The equations of equilibrium and stress-strain relations are established for a portion of thin curved plate subject to tangential and radial loading. From these are derived the particular sets of equations for circular flat plates, cylindrical, conical and spherical walls. The distortion and stress equations for the different sets are presented In expressions of similar type. In conical and spherical walls, experimental corroboration has been obtained for the more complicated expressions, which are believed to appear for the first time. The applications include important practical engineering problems on the separate and combined forms. A comparison of the probable effects between welded and riveted joints in the cylindrical wall with a hemispherical dished end serves as an introduction to a final discussion of the elliptical and double segmental end

Some observations on the therapeutic value of antibacterial serum in the treatment of the severe type of diphtheria

1. Severe Diphtheria occurs, and exacts its toll of human life in Manchester. 2. The idea of a new Therapeutic Agent was conceived in the nature of a Gravis Diphtheria Anti-bacterial Serum. 3. The outline of preparation and standardisation of Gravis Diphtheria Anti-bacterial Serum is described. 4. The attempt at experimental evaluation of the Therapeutic Serum was carried out in animals. 5. The results of the treatment of 35 severe cases of Gravis Diphtheria, with Gravis Anti-bacterial Serum, are compared with the results in 40 cases of similar type and severity, which were treated without Anti-bacterial Serum. 6. The results of the treatment of 6 cases of severe Diphtheria, due to the Intermediate type of Diphtheria organism, with j Gravis Anti-bacterial Serum, are compared with 5 similar cases which were treated without Anti-bacterial Serum. 7. The results of treatment of 3 complicated cases of Gravis Diphtheria with Anti-bacterial Serum, are compared with 3 similar cases which were treated without Anti-bacterial Serum. 8. The results of treatment of 3 severe cases of Diphtheria, due to Atypical Gravis organisms, which were treated with Anti-bacterial Seram, are described. 9. The course of the disease was not modified in any way by the administration of Anti-bacterial Serum